Qasada Research Solution 1: -KARYA TULIS ILMIAH

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ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS: AHP for Game Theoretic Decision Making. E19 ANP

Summary: Hierarchical decomposition is applied to the payoff matrix of a 2-player zero-sum noncooperative game. Relationship between the strategy vector of the integrated payoff matrix and the strategy vector of each decomposed payoff matrix is studied. For the case of 2×2 zero-sum noncooperative game with purely mixed strategies, a simple formula which relates the strategy vector of the integrated payoff matrix and the strategy vector of each decomposed payoff matrix is established; the strategy vector of the integrated payoff matrix is obtained as a weighted combination of the strategy vector of each decomposed payoff matrix with the weight considering both the priority weight of each decomposed payoff matrix (or payoff matrix for each criterion) and

the magnitude of each decomposed payoff matrix. The higher layer integrated game corresponds to the strategic decision making and the lower layer decomposed games correspond to the tactical decision making.

Keywords: zero-sum game, payoff matrix, decomposition, strategy, tactics

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ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS:The Analytic Hierarchy Process and Expert Choice. E18 AHP

The analytic hierarchy process (AHP), developed at the Wharton School of Business by Thomas Saaty1, allows decision makers to model a complex problem in a hierarchical structure showing the relationships of the goal, objectives (criteria), sub-objectives, and alternatives.

AHP allows for the application of data, experience, insight, and intuition in a logical and thorough way. AHP enables decision-makers to derive ratio scale priorities or weights as opposed to arbitrarily assigning them. In so doing, AHP not only supports decision-makers by enabling them to structure complexity and exercise judgment, but allows them to incorporate both objective and subjective considerations in the decision process2. AHP is a compensatory decision methodology because alternatives that are deficient with respect to one or more objectives can compensate by their performance with respect to other objectives. AHP is composed of several previously existing but unassociated concepts and techniques such as hierarchical structuring of complexity, pairwise comparisons, redundant judgments, an eigenvector3 method for deriving weights, and consistency considerations.Although each of these concepts and techniques were useful in and of themselves, Saaty’s synergistic combination of the concepts and techniques (along with some new developments) produced a process whose power is indeed far more than the sum of its parts.

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ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS: U.S. Coast Guard Resource Allocation for Leased Office Construction Projects. E17 AHP

This report outlines which projects the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) plans to fund to provide a new work environment at the Jemal Riverside office location in Washington D.C. The analysis in this report will focus on USCG’s current situation, the proposed projects or alternatives to be funded, and the objectives that will meet USCG’s overall goal. The final decision maker for project funding will be the Commanding Officer of the USCG Headquarters Support Command. Scott Crawley and Anoop Bhatia will be providing the analysis to the Commanding Officer by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Expert Choice Software

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ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS: Uncertainties in the Analytic Hierarchy Process . E16 AHP

When choosing a decision analysis technique to model a particular complex decision the fundamentals of the technique chosen should be understood by the analyst, and they should be appropriate for the characteristics of the problem itself. For analysing such complex decisions the Analytic Hierarchy Process is one of the most commonly used techniques. This technical note highlights a number of theoretical issues, some well-known and others less well-known, that introduce a considerable degree of uncertainty into the computed output priorities for the decision alternatives.

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ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS Prioritization of key performance indicators An integration of analytical hierarchy process and goal setting. E15 AHP

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an integrated approach that prioritizes organizational key performance indicators (KPIs) in terms of the criteria of SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Time-sensitive) goal setting. Design/methodology/approach – The research was carried out using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) technique as the basis for pairwise comparisons of SMART criteria, considering each KPI.

Findings – A new approach is outlined, encompassing step-by-step guidelines for decision makers to conduct the prioritization process of SMART KPIs. The results of the case study highlight the applicability of the proposed approach and the calculation process for prioritizing KPIs.

Research limitations/implications – The rating scales used in the AHP analysis are conceptual; although it identifies which dimensions require improvement, the proposed approach does not provide guidance on an appropriate action plan to address deficiencies; another limitation is that the framework adopted only the SERVQUAL service dimensions.

Originality/value – This paper gives a novel approach for prioritization of KPIs. The proposed approach has a holistic mechanism; it could empower decision-making teams; it is capable of enhancing advanced quality engineering approaches; and provides great opportunities for future research.

Keywords Analytical hierarchy process, Performance measures, Integration
Paper type Research paper

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ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS: The Analytic Network Process Thomas L. Saaty. E14 ANP

The Analytic Network Process (ANP) is a generalization of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The basic structure is an influence network of clusters and nodes contained within the clusters. Priorities are established in the same way they are in the AHP using pairwise comparisons and judgment. Many decision problems cannot be structured hierarchically because they involve the interaction and dependence of higher-level elements in a hierarchy on lower-level elements. Not only does the importance of the criteria determine the importance of the

alternatives as in a hierarchy, but also the importance of the alternatives themselves determines the importance of the criteria. Feedback enables us to factor the future into the present to determine what we have to do to attain a
desired future. To illustrate ANP, one example is also presented.

Key Words: ANP; AHP; Network; Feedback structure

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ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS: Perencanaan produk dalam fungsi penyebaran kualitas menggunakan menggunakan ANP dan Goal Programming. E12 ANP

Quality function deployment (QFD) is a customer-oriented design tool with cross-functional team members reaching a consensus in developing a new or improved product to increase customer satisfaction. QFD starts with the house of quality (HOQ), which is a planning matrix translating the customer needs into measurable product technical requirements (PTRs). A robust evaluation method should consider the interrelationships among customer needs and PTRs while determining the importance levels of PTRs in the HOQ. This paper employs the analytic network process (ANP) to fulfill this requirement. Furthermore, the proposed analytic procedure should take into account the multi-objective nature of the problem, and thus, incorporate other goals such as cost, extendibility and manufacturability of PTRs. This paper presents a zero–one goal programming methodology that includes importance levels of PTRs derived using the ANP, cost budget, extendibility level and manufacturability level goals to determine the PTRs to be considered in designing the product. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the application of the decision approach. q 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Quality function deployment; House of quality; Dependence; Analytic network process; Zero–one goal programming

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ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS: Untuk Penentuan Lokasi Reverse Logistik. . E13 ANP

Reverse logistics, refer to the distribution activities involved in product returns, has recently received growing attention, as most of the companies are using it as a strategic tool to serve their customers; and can generate good revenue. This paper seeks to analyse various countries in the Asia Pacific (AP) region to determine their suitability in carrying out reverse logistics operations for an international electrical manufacturer. Key factors to be considered in the decision-making process are identified. Owing to the complexity stems from a multitude of qualitative factors affecting the location decisions, an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is proposed for solving such a complex decision-making problem.

Keywords: reverse logistics; location decision; multicriteria; Analytic
Hierarchy Process (AHP)

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ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS: Sebuah metode soft computing untuk multi-kriteria pengambilan keputusan dengan ketergantungan dan umpan balik. E12 ANP

In this paper, the decision making problems with the dependence and the feedback effects are considered. Although the analytic network/hierarchy process (ANP/AHP) has been proposed to deal with the problems above, several problems make the method impractical. In this paper, we proposed the fuzzy decision maps (FDM), which incorporates the eigenvalue method, the fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM), and the weighting equation, to overcome the problem of preferential independent and the shortcomings of the ANP. In addition, two numerical examples are used to demonstrate the proposed method. On the basis of the numerical results, we can conclude that the proposed method can soundly deal with the decision making problems with the dependence and the feedback effects.

Keywords: Decision making; Analytic network/hierarchy process (ANP/AHP); Fuzzy decision maps (FDM); Fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM); Preferential independent

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ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS: Sebuah Metode Evaluasi Kinerja Berdasarkan ANP & BSC. E10 ANP

Performance evaluation is an important part of the enterprises strategic management. The problems to be addressed first during performance evaluation are how to select indicators and assign weights to them properly. The traditional financial method cannot fully reflect the performance of enterprises, as a result of which the BSC method has developed. However, linear BSC also has some disadvantages. By giving proper weights to the indicators, ANP method introduced in this article can solve those disadvantages.

Keywords: AHP,ANP, Balanced scorecard, Performance evaluation

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ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS: Untuk penentuan metode pengiriman yang paling sesuai untuk pembuatan semikonduktor. E09 ANP

Most of the semiconductor manufacturers resort to production dispatching as a means to enhancing production efficiency. Commonly used dispatching methods are designed to meet a specific performance indicator, but performance indicators frequently change with variances of shop floor and actual demands. Few methods take multiple or even conflicting performance indicators into account. How to verify the rules of various dispatching methods and their impacts on the production performance indicators should be clarified. This paper applies Analytical Network Process (ANP) method to construct a dispatching rules evaluation model to explore the relationship among various performance indicators and dispatching rules. The results indicate that the most suitable dispatching method for semiconductor manufacturing is EDD dispatching method. FIFO dispatching method yields the worst performance. The ANP-based dispatching rule evaluation model can surely serves as an analytical architecture for decision making to dynamically evaluate dispatching rules for multiple performance indicators in the future.

Keyword: Semiconductor manufacturing, Dispatching rules, Analytical network process

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ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS: Untuk Pemilihan Strategi Marketing Hotel Wisata.. E08 ANP

Mired in a predicament of complicated competitive environment, practitioners must pay increased attention to creativity in generating strategic directions, rigor in the evaluation of strategic option on multiple and interdependent objective, and vision and focus to assure effective utilization of resources. Grounded in the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm to competitive advantage, the current study attempts to identify specific resources and capabilities of tourist hotel by focusing on the tourist hotels and by doing so develops an evaluation framework of marketing strategy in a service industry within its unique conditions. Given the complexity and difficulty of allocated specific and limited resources of marketing strategy toward competitive advantage for tourist hotels, hence, the purpose of the current study is to employ the analytic network process (ANP) method to select competitive marketing strategy for tourist hotels. After reviewing theory and research on competitive advantage in general and in service industries in particular, the resources and capabilities identified as managerial capabilities, customer linking capabilities, market innovation capabilities, human resource assets, and reputational assets. And, the marketing strategy included cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy, and focus strategy. The study emphasizes the importance of allocating specific and limited resources and capabilities to evaluate and select appropriate marketing strategy so as to capture sustainable competitive advantage for tourist hotels. Finally, the findings indicate that the differentiation strategy is the best strategy for the tourist hotel to pursue sustainable competitive advantage. The study emphasizes the importance of allocating specific and limited resources and capabilities to evaluate and select appropriate marketing strategy so as to capture sustainable competitive advantage.

Keywords: Marketing Strategy, Tourist Hotel, ANP.

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ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS: Analytic Hierarchy Process dan Modifikasi Balance Scorecard.. E07 ANP

During the last decade, BSC has become irreplaceable management’s tools of leading companies in the world. It has moved through stages of natural evolution aiming to adjust with as many users as possible, yet without

degrading its key attributes. In this paper author has made an effort to modify BSC approach, with a view to adjust the framework with SME characteristics, so it could become more flexible during the building process. Undertaken research affirms the theses that proposed approach could be introduced successfully into the organization. In the paper some experience concerning to the model building processes and behaviour of participants are given. In some phases of research decision support systems are used as very useful tools for
this area of investigation.

Keywords: Balanced Scorecard, modification introduction, AHP, Key Performance Indicators (KPI):

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ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS:Multi-kriteria analisis untuk penilaian teknik: Studi kasus dari industri pelapisan. E06 ANP

This supplement examines scenarios of process alterations, accounting for technical, economic, and environmental considerations. It also describes the different kinds of multi-criteria analysis and how to choose between them

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ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS: ANP DALAM PENGUKURAN KINERJA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR. E05 ANP

As it is mentioned in the literature, performance measurement is a multi-perspective concept. For this reason, quantification of performance measurement can be modeled as a multi attribute decision problem.In this study, performance measurement is considered as an evaluation of the past activities with respect to the desired goals. With this definition, first a performance measurement system is proposed for a manufacturing system and an Analytical Network Process (ANP) technique is utilized in order to quantify the performance.

Keywords: performance measurement, analytical network process, manufacturing

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ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS: MENGGUNAKAN AHP DAN ANP ATAS EVALUASI HUBUNGAN ANTARA REVERSE LOGISTICS DAN KINERJA PERUSAHAAN DALAM INDUSTRI OTOMOTIF. E04 ANP

Reverse Logistics (RL) activities are practiced by most Brazilian industries, including the automotive one. However, a relevant problem is to identify how different RL programs can affect corporate performance indicators. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is one of the analytical tools, which can be used to handle a multi-criteria decision-making problem and the Analytic Network Process (ANP) is a similar technique, but can capture the interdependencies between the criteria under consideration. Both approaches were adopted here to study the influence of RL practices in automotive corporate performance. Preliminary results indicated that both methods can be used, being AHP the most efficient, because it requires a smaller number of judgment, and ANP the most reliable, because it considers element dependencies, which is more compatible to the reality of the Brazilian automotive sector.

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ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS: Mengevaluasi Kinerja Organisasi Berdasarkan Fuzzy ANP: Kasus Rumah Sakit Taiwan. E03 ANP

An approach of organizational performance measurement and its computing algorithm is proposed in this paper. This work presents an ANP-based approach to resolve the uncertainty and imprecision of service evaluations during prenegotiation stages, where the comparison judgments of a decision maker are represented as fuzzy triangular numbers. A novel fuzzy prioritization method, which derives crisp priorities from consistent and inconsistent fuzzy comparison matrices, is also proposed. The FANP-based decision-making method to construct an evaluation method can provide decision makers in related medical sectors or hospital administrators with a valuable reference for either evaluating the organizational performance of hospitals to identify the most appropriate hospitals for collaboration or investing in nearby stores of interest such as pharmacies or health food stores. Importantly, the proposed model can assist the medical sector to assess the organizational performance of hospitals, making it highly applicable for academia and commercial purposes.

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ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS: Assessment of Different Methods for Measuring the Sustainability of Forest Management.E02 ANP

Sustainability of Forest Management (SFM) is a vague concept and complex system. There is no yardstick to measure it. SFM rests on three pillars, Production Sustainability, Ecological Sustainability and Social Sustainability. Criteria and Indicator (C & I) and forest certification are instruments used to measure SFM. The Sustainable Natural Production Forest Management (SNPFM) is a certification system applied in Indonesia. The decision making process in the current system uses the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is criticised as a compensatory approach using linear additive utility model to integrate crisp values. The aim of the research is to explore different methods as alternatives to assess the SFM. The Fuzzy AHP and the Rule Based (Fuzzy Reasoning Method) are explored to overcome the compensatory approach and the inability of the AHP in proper handling linguistic variables. The Cognitive Mapping technique is used to show the causal relationship between verifiers and indicators and to determine the order of importance, which represents the roles of verifiers and indicators in achieving SFM. The result of Cognitive Mapping analysis is used to derive and to check the consistency of the rules in the Rule Based Method. The data of real certification for Labanan Forest Management Unit (FMU), East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia is used to simulate SFM assessment using three different methods. The results of the SFM assessment for Production Principle using the three methods give the certification grade “Bronze”, the same as the result from the real certification. It means that the FMU pass the certification process and four times surveillance will be done within 5 years period. Both of Actual Performance and Passing Performance in the Fuzzy AHP has the highest number (0.6414 and 0.5384), the second is Normal AHP (0.5241 and 0.3805) and the Rule Based assessment has the lowest performance (0.4760 and 0.2500). The Fuzzy AHP result clarifies the result from the normal AHP and already takes account of the uncertainty of experts’ judgment that is not accommodated in the normal AHP. The Rule Based method, which relies on logical approach derived from experts’ knowledge and experience, give more insight meaning and more transparent way in assessment, than both the Normal AHP and the Fuzzy AHP, which rely on mathematical approach. On the other hand it is perceived more subjective and more complex. Since the application of Rule Based in environmental system including SFM assessment still in exploration stage, it remains difficult to convince the Decision Maker for its implementation. Therefore if the method will be implemented it needs to build Decision Support System (DSS) with friendly user interface, so the user only needs to give the input in linguistic values and the final result will be directly in certification grade.

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ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS: Perbaikan Metode Pengadaan Reverse E-Auction dengan Analytic Network Process. INA01 ANP

Reverse e-auction adalah metode pengadaan secara elektronik yang saat ini populer digunakan, karena menghasilkan penghematan biaya, efisiensi proses, dan transparansi. Dalam reverse e-auction, pembeli selaku penyelenggara lelang mengadakan event untuk mengkompetisikan penjual selaku penawar, dalam lelang berbasis internet yang hanya menggunakani harga sebagai atribut yang dapat dinegosiasikan. Namun reverse e-auction dapat menimbulkan kerugian apabila digunakan dalam kondisi yang tidak tepat, karena keterbatasan kemampuannya untuk mempertimbangkan lebih dari satu atribut. Studi kasus di PT. X mengungkapkan kekurangan reverse e-auction dalam pengadaan beberapa produk. Untuk itulah, dibutuhkan multiattribute auction sebagai pengembangan dari reverse e-auction, yang memungkinkan penggunaan multi atribut untuk dinegosiasikan. Untuk mengetahui atribut yang tepat disertai dengan bobotnya, maka digunakanlah Analytic Network Process (ANP). ANP juga bermanfaat untuk menunjukkan hubungan ketergantungan antar elemen. Berdasarkan hasil ANP, harga merupakan atribut independen, sehingga tidak memiliki bobot. Atribut lainnya yang memiliki bobot terbesar hingga terkecil adalah delivery, kualitas produk, dan kualitas manajemen. Multiattribute auction yang disarankan adalah yang menggunakan aturan lelang Inggris dengan tiga atribut: harga, delivery, dan kualitas produk. Karena memiliki bobot yang tidak signifikan, maka kualitas manajemen hanya digunakan sebagai pertimbangan awal bagi pembeli. Usulan juga meliputi pengungkapan informasi dan isi tampilan aplikasi lelang bagi pengguna.

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ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS: PERBANDINGAN METODE SOLUSI UNTUK MASALAH PEMBERIAN PRIORITAS ATAS JAWABAN DI DALAM MASALAH MULTIRESPONSE METODE TAGUCHI. E01 ANP

In this study, the problem of giving priority to two or more quality chracteristics faced while applying Taguchi Method on multiresponse problems is studied. It was based upon Tong et al.(1997)’s approach on assignment of weights derived from individual experiences. Instead of prioritizing by personal judgments, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Analytic Network Process (ANP) methods were used to assign priorities of quality characteristics. Comparisons were made among the results obtained by AHP, ANP medhods and the those of the expert. A spesific automative product was taken as an example which were subjected to above comparisons.

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Qasada Research Solution 1

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